According to the National Institute on Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder. It’s a common cause of dementia, mainly amongst older adults, that destroys cognitive skills over time, such as memory and the ability to think about and complete even simple tasks.

Diagnosis

There are various stages of severity associated with this disease that involves changes in the brain that may occur a decade before memory and other symptoms appear. Physicians typically diagnose AD using the following methods, although a definite diagnosis for this form of dementia can only be given after death, if brain tissue is examined during an autopsy.

Questioning the patient and family members about general health, past medical issues, the ability to perform daily tasks, and behavioral and personality changes that may be taking place are all common symptoms. Tests may include:

• Performing memory, problem-solving, attention, counting, and language tests.
• Testing blood and urine to rule out other causes for symptoms.
• Conducting a brain scan, such as CT, PET, or MRI to rule out other causes.

This progressive disease comes in mild, moderate, and severe stages. During the mild or beginning stages, people may wander about and get lost easily, have difficulty with money and paying bills, repeat questions over and over, take more time to complete normal daily living tasks, and experience changes in personality.

When someone reaches the moderate stage of this condition, language, reasoning, and sensory processing functions worsen, and will typically be accompanied by increasingly confusing thoughts. Hallucinations, paranoia, and impulsive behaviors may also occur. The last, most severe stage occurs when plaques and tangles spread in the brain, causing incredibly limited communication ability; at this point the individual will be dependent on others for daily care.

Causes

Many causes for this form of dementia have been researched, including the ways in which age-related changes in the brain may lead to the formation of plaque and damaged neurons. As people age, some parts of the brain may begin to shrink, become inflamed, produce unstable free radical molecules, and destroy certain cells. Genetics can also play a role in late-onset of this disease, with symptoms typically appearing when someone reaches their mid-60s. A certain gene, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, if present in the body, can increase risk for the disease (not a definite future diagnosis). Early-onset of the disease can occur in someone in their 30s up to their 60s, though only about 10% of the population is at risk for early-onset AD. Other factors may include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity.

Treatment

No one has yet discovered a cure for AD, nor is there a treatment available that completely stops the progression of the disease. There are, however, drugs available that can treat the symptoms that are a result of nerve cell function damage in the brain.
One relatively new medication used to manage AD symptoms is Namzaric.

Namzaric is a combination drug that treats moderate-to-severe dementia. It claims to help improve memory, help with awareness, and increase the ability to perform daily acts. This medication is unique in that it works simultaneously on two brain pathways to fight the symptoms of AD. It is composed of the drugs memantine and donepezil.

The company claims that memantine works by blocking glutamate activity in the brain, while donepezil helps restore neurotransmitter balance. Memantine in the glutamate pathway assists in the regulation of abnormal glutamate activity, important in the function of learning and memory. Donepezil slows the breakdown of acetylchonine in the brain’s acetylcholinesterase pathway. Acetylcholine is a chemical that is also key to learning and memory in the brain. Overall, taking Namzaric may help someone suffering from moderate AD improve their mental and overall functioning and decelerate the intensification of symptoms for a while.

Namzaric comes in once-daily oral capsules, in extended release form (7-10 mg). A 30-day supply of Namzaric can typically cost anywhere from $420 to $475, depending upon pharmacy and insurance.

Although every woman is unique and has her own genetics, health history, and body type, there are certain common signs of menopause that the vast majority of them experience. Unfortunately, most of these symptoms are notorious for being unpleasant. Why is that?

When Does Menopause Occur?

In the United States, the average age of menopause is 51. However, it’s common for people to undergo menopause throughout their 40s and into their 50s.

Why Does Menopause Change the Body So Much?

The hormones estrogen and progesterone decrease during menopause. Since the body is regulated through hormones, it only makes sense that a major hormonal fluctuation can so drastically affect the body.

What are Some Common Signs of Menopause?

The first symptom of menopause? It’s perhaps the most widely recognized one…

1. Changing Menstrual Cycle

Often the first observable sign a woman is about to begin menopause?Changes in menstrual cycle.

When Does this Symptom Develop?

Depending on a number of factors, someone may notice the changes in menstrual cycles between 3 and 10 years before menopause causes periods to stop completely.

What are Irregular Periods ?

As they approach menopause, women may find that their periods fluctuate between their normal flow, a lighter flow, and a heavier flow. They may also find that their period may come at irregular times and last for a shorter or longer amount of days than normal.

Other symptoms that often accompany irregular periods during this time include:

• Abdominal pain
• Back pain
• Headaches

What Causes Irregular Periods?

As women approach menopause, levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone fluctuate wildly. Now, the menstrual cycle heavily depends on those hormones to control the length, frequency, and intensity of a period. Therefore, changes in these hormonal levels naturally means changes in the regulation of periods.

The next sign of menopause? It unfortunately affects over half of post-menopausal people…

2. Vaginal Dryness

More than half of premenopausal people (between the ages of 51-60) experience vaginal dryness.

Why Does this Symptom Occur?

The main reason pre-menopausal women experience vaginal dryness is because of their reduced estrogen levels. Now, the dampness of the vaginal mucous membrane is regulated by the hormones estrogen and progesterone. So, when these hormone levels decrease, vaginal moisture goes down.

Is there Any Way to Combat Vaginal Dryness?

To combat dryness and enhance arousal, some sexually active pre-menopausal women use vaginal moisturizers and water-based lubricants. Topical estrogen therapies like vaginal estrogen rings, vaginal estrogen tablets, and vaginal estrogen creams can help as well.

Closely related to vaginal dryness is the following side effect of menopause…

3. Loss of Libido

Loss of libido is another sign a woman is on the path to menopause. As many as 40% of women who are going through menopause report that they have a lack of interest in and desire for sex.

So, anyone experiencing this symptom should know that

1. they are not alone, and
2. it’s absolutely okay to go to their doctor for help with this symptom.

Why this Symptom is Tricky to Manage

Losing the desire for sex is often among the most difficult menopause symptoms to manage. Often, someone has no idea why they have lost interest in being physically intimate with a partner that has long excited them. This change can negatively impact their intimate relationships and self-esteem.

It’s a complex phenomenon that has psychological, physical, and hormonal dimensions.

Why Does Loss of Libido Occur?

Estrogen plays an important role in female sexuality. Specifically, it increases sexual sensation, interest, and desire while also promoting vaginal lubrication. Since less estrogen is produced during menopause, it can result in her desire for sex plummeting in addition to experiencing vaginal dryness and difficulty achieving an orgasm.

The following sign of menopause really turns up the heat, affecting up to three in four people undergoing menopause…

4. Hot Flashes

Hot flashes are experienced by 75% of women going through menopause. This fact makes it the most common symptom of menopause.

When Do Hot Flashes Strike?

Many people call hot flashes “night sweats” because many people struggle with them at night. However, hot flashes can happen at any time.

What Do Hot Flashes Feel Like?

Symptoms of hot flashes include:

• Sweating
• Hot face, neck, or chest
• Flushed skin
• Deep breathing
• Elevated heart rate

Why Do Hot Flashes Happen?

Hot flashes tend to spike during menopause when estrogen and progesterone levels drop and ovaries stop releasing eggs. Unfortunately, this process doesn’t occur overnight, which means that some women experience hot flashes for 7 to 10 years or more.

Is there a Fix for Hot Flashes?

Doctors sometimes recommend hormone replacement therapy for women if hot flashes are severe. The therapy can take the form of pills, creams, gels, skin patches, or vaginal rings.

The following sign of menopause is so unpleasant that it literally keeps people up at night…

5. Insomnia

When women enter menopause, they often have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, and getting adequate rest. In fact, about 61% of women going through menopause suffer with insomnia.

Side Effects of Insomnia

Insomnia is no joke. Trouble sleeping can lead to:

• Irritability
• Stress
• Anxiety
• Difficulty concentrating
• Memory problems
• Headaches

Furthermore, long-term sleep deprivation can increase the risk of some serious health complications, including heart disease, diabetes, and stroke.

Why Does Insomnia Develop During Menopause?

Declining levels of estrogen, progesterone, as well as other key hormones can disrupt menopausal women’s sleep/wake cycle. This disruption can trigger hot flashes, thyroid problems, anxiety, weight gain, and sleep apnea.

Are there Any Solutions for Insomnia?

To counteract the changing levels of estrogen and other hormones that cause these problems, many doctors prescribe dietary supplements, sedatives, anti-depressants, and anti-anxiety medications. Relaxation techniques can sometimes help to reestablish natural sleep patterns.

The next sign of menopause isn’t as dangerous as insomnia, although it can still be quite embarrassing…

6. Urinary Incontinence

Many women find themselves experiencing urinary incontinence—difficulty controlling their bladders and holding in urine—as they begin menopause.

What Does Urinary Incontinence Feel Like?

Many people often find they have an urgent need to urinate when they laugh, cough, sneeze, or bend over to lift objects and need to urinate frequently during the day.

Why Does this Symptom Happen?

As women enter menopause, their pelvic floor muscles and bladder tissue begin to weaken Specifically, thanks to reduced amounts of estrogen, the bladder has less elasticity.

The result?

Less bladder control, some bladder leaks, more frequent urination, and waking up several times a night to use the bathroom. It also causes some women to develop frequent urinary tract infections.

The next sign of menopause is yet another symptom that’s all too common and can be disruptive to daily life…

7. Mood Swings

Post-menopausal women often find themselves experiencing mood swings that fluctuate wildly between irritability, aggression, anxiety, sadness, depression, fatigue, lack of motivation, and stress.

Why Do these Mood Swings Happen?

Mood swings in postmenopausal women is the result of their body’s fluctuating estrogen production. Specifically, a reduction in estrogen can result in symptoms like like irritability, aggression, depression, anxiety, and fatigue.

Mood swings aren’t the only cognitive effects of menopause, either…

8. Memory and Cognitive Function Problems

As women go through perimenopause (menopause transition), menopause, and post-menopause, it’s not unusual for them to develop either short-term or long-term problems with memory and cognitive function. In fact, research suggests about 60% of menopausal women report having these issues.

How Does this Symptom Manifest?

During menopause, many women have trouble focusing, notice unfavorable changes in their memory, and experience issues with declining cognitive function and performance. Many describe the sensation as “brain fog.”

These symptoms are more pronounced early in menopause. Fortunately, in many cases, women eventually rebound and regain their mental sharpness.

Why Do these Changes Occur?

Several factors combine to cause menopausal women to struggle with memory issues and reduced cognitive function. They include

• Fluctuating levels of estrogen and progesterone
• Follicle and luteinizing hormone changes
• Vascular (blood vessel) issues
• Sleep issues

Are there Ways to Fight this Symptom?

Problems with memory and cognitive function may be treated with:

• Diet
• Nutritional supplements
• Rest
• Over-the-counter medication
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Menopausal hormone therapy
• Activities that keep the mind active

Menopause can cause symptoms that aren’t just obvious to the sufferer, but also to other people, such as the following…

9. Hair Thinning and Loss

Hair loss and thinning hair are common signs of menopause. These events can occur anywhere on the head.

How Does this Symptom Manifest?

Menopausal women may see large clumps of hair fall out daily when they wash, brush, and comb their hair. They may also see their hair becoming thinner.

It’s not unusual to lose 50 to 100 hairs a day, but new ones are constantly regenerated. Perimenopausal women, however, lose much more than that and it’s not replaced, leading to much more noticeable hair loss.

Why Does Hair Thinning and Loss Occur?

Hormonal imbalances affect the hair’s growth cycle. During menopause estrogen, progesterone, and androgen production fluctuates. That means that hair regeneration slows, causing hair to weaken, thin, and even fall out.

Menopause can cause other noticeable physical side effects, too, such as the following…

10. Decreased Breast Fullness

Breast size tends to decrease during menopause because the amount of estrogen released by the ovaries is reduced.

What Do these Breast Changes Feel Like?

Size isn’t the only way breasts change, either. Breasts of menopausal women tend to be more sensitive, achier, and lumpier than when they were younger.

Fluid-filled cysts are also incredibly common (these cysts aren’t cancerous; however, it’s important to take any new breast lumps seriously to be on the safe side). Fibrocystic changes also make the breasts feel rubbery when touched.

Why Do these Changes Occur?

During menopause, estrogen and collagen production drops dramatically. As a result, breast tissue loses elasticity, resulting in loss of fullness and resistance to sagging. These estrogen and collagen drops can also lead to the following menopausal symptom…

11. Skin Issues

Menopause affects a woman’s skin in a number of ways, mostly due to the fact that collagen drops.

What Ways Does the Skin Change?

Skin may become:

• Dry
• Itchy
• Thin
• Wrinkled

Furthermore, menopausal people are more prone to acne outbreaks and reduced wound healing efficiency.

Why Do these Changes Occur?

As estrogen production decreases during menopause, the skin has less elastin, collagen, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) needed to maintain its structure, moisture, and elasticity. These changes mean that the skin is more likely to be itchy, saggy, or dry.

Increased cortisol production during menopause may trigger other problems like acne and the following…

12. Weight Gain

According to several studies, during menopause the average woman tends to gain 12 to 15 pounds. The weight gain often takes place in the abdominal area.

Why Do these Changes Occur?

Weight gain is common for a few different reasons. Firstly, metabolism tends to slow during this time. Additionally, menopause can increase someone’s appetite. Now, either of these cases alone can cause weight gain. Combined, weight gain is nearly guaranteed.

What about Bloating?

Some weight gain isn’t all fat; in fact, many times women are also bloated during this time. It’s all thanks to dropping progesterone levels. Namely, this drop leads to water retention, which can result in bloating.

The final sign of menopause on our list? It’s coming right up…

13. Bone Loss

Menopausal women are at an increased risk for bone loss and osteoporosis (when bones become weaken and hollow).

How Common is this Symptom?

Bone loss, weakened bones, fractures, and osteoporosis can be severe in about 20% of menopausal women. That being said, even the average woman suffers about 10% bone loss during menopause.

Why Does this Symptom Occur?

Hormonal changes can reduce the ability of the body to absorb the calcium it needs to keep bones healthy and strong. As a result, their bones tend to become weak, less dense, and brittle during menopause.

What’s Next?

What’s most important to remember when going through menopause?…

Maintain Good Health During Menopause

Menopause can be a difficult time of life, resulting in a range of embarrassing to even dangerous symptoms, including:

1. Irregular Periods
2. Vaginal Dryness
3. Loss of Libido
4. Hot Flashes
5. Insomnia
6. Urinary Incontinence
7. Mood Swings
8. Memory and Cognitive Function
9. Hair Loss
10. Decreased Breast Fullness
11. Skin Issues
12. Weight Gain
13. Bone Loss

Managing Menopause is Possible

To improve quality of life and balance their hormones, menopausal women need to eat nutritionally balanced diets and also get regular exercise, relaxation, and adequate rest. Those who are concerned about their symptoms should also speak directly with their doctors.

Every year there are up to 10 million new cases of dementia worldwide. Contrary to popular belief, dementia is not a specific disease, but rather a collection of conditions that impair cognitive and social functions. Dementia makes daily functioning much harder by reducing memory, cognitive abilities, and the ability to navigate social situations. 

What Causes Dementia?

Dementia can be caused by anything ranging from genetic conditions all the way to lifestyle choices. Some of these causes can be changed by altering how we live our lives while other causes can only be mitigated with medication and treatments.

Here are a few of the most common causes of dementia and a few others you can gain control of today… 

10. Genetics

Our genetics make up a large portion of our health. Namely, there are conditions that are inherited directly from family members and others that have only a higher risk; dementia is no exception. Specifically, the risk for dementia runs in families, which means that having relatives with this condition can increase a person’s odds of developing it during their lifetime as well. 

Why Genetics Increases the Risk of Dementia

Genetics can be a sure marker for a higher risk, but it is not definite. Some people with relatives who have dementia go their whole lives without encountering the condition, after all. Certain conditions that are passed down in families, like Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome and Huntington’s disease, however, are closely associated with a higher dementia risk. 

Another risk factor that can not be changed is our age… 

9. Age

Our health problems tend to compound on top of each other as we age; many of these health problems are directly linked to a growing risk for dementia. This is especially true for people who age to 65 and beyond. 

Why Age Increases the Risk of Dementia

As we age, we tend to face growing health concerns. These concerns can include diseases that can cause dementia. That all means that conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and other conditions become much more serious risks past age 65. Other risk factors like diet, exercise, and sleep problems become more pronounced at this age, too. Again, all of these factors increase dementia risk. 

A specific condition with direct links to dementia is Down syndrome… 

8. Down Syndrome 

Also known as Down’s syndrome, this condition is a genetic disorder that causes developmental and intellectual delays. In addition to a high dementia risk, Down syndrome causes a distinctive facial appearance, and is related to heart and thyroid health problems. 

Why Down Syndrome Increases the Risk of Dementia

Down syndrome is caused by extra genetic material on the 21st chromosome in our DNA. While Alzheimer’s disease usually doesn’t set in until old age, in people with Down syndrome it starts to develop in middle age. This leads to a much earlier onset of dementia. 

Another health condition that can lead to dementia is the buildup of plaque in the veins… 

7. Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty acids and cholesterol in the veins. This plaque lowers the body’s ability to pump blood and can contribute to a person’s risk of dementia. 

Why Atherosclerosis Increases the Risk of Dementia

This condition contributes to an increased risk of dementia for two reasons. The first is that it highly increases the risk of vascular dementia, which is caused by an insufficient supply of blood reaching the brain. The second comes with a recent discovery that the plaque formed by atherosclerosis is itself associated with a higher dementia risk. 

A disease that increases the risk of dementia that we have a little more control over is diabetes… 

6. Diabetes

Diabetes is a serious risk factor for dementia. In other words, this condition has a wide range of health impacts and there are several causes of dementia on that list. Thankfully, with adequate treatment, diabetes can be brought under control. 

Why Diabetes Increases the Risk of Dementia

While diabetes does not directly cause this condition, it contributes to several of the other causes for dementia, including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and vascular dementia. Taking care of diabetes is therefore vital to making sure that these secondary conditions don’t start to appear. 

While we’ve covered dementia causes that are largely out of our control, there are a few causes that you can start to change today… 

5. Lack of Proper Diet and Exercise 

Diet and exercise are the core of all good health; there’s really no health condition that can’t be improved with a quality exercise plan and improvements to your diet. While there is no direct connection between diet, exercise, and dementia, improving these factors does lower your overall risk. 

Why Poor Diet and No Exercise Increases the Risk of Dementia

A lack of exercise raises your risk for some of the heart conditions that can lead to vascular dementia, such as atherosclerosis and stroke. There is also evidence that plant-based diets and Mediterranean diets have a lower incidence of dementia compared to people who eat diets high in red meat and processed foods. 

A key aspect of many diets that is linked to dementia is alcohol use… 

4. Alcohol Use

Alcohol use has wide-ranging impacts on our overall health. Drinking too much and/or too regularly can lead to everything from poor heart health to alcoholism. How much alcohol a person drinks is also linked into their overall risk of dementia. 

Why Alcohol Use Increases the Risk of Dementia

There is evidence that shows people who drink large amounts of alcohol have a higher risk of dementia. Specifically, drinking too much alcohol increases both the risk of dementia as well as the risk of dementia-causing conditions like poor heart health. Other research, though, shows that moderate drinking actually lowers dementia risk; however, this research is inconclusive. 

What is clear is that quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do to lower your risk for dementia…  

3. Smoking

It’s no secret that smoking is bad for your health. Over the years, researchers have connected smoking to several negative health outcomes, ranging from lung disease to cancer to dementia. 

Why Smoking Increases the Risk of Dementia

Smoking is linked to atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases, which are known risk factors for dementia. Smoking can also lower a person’s ability to exercise, be linked to higher alcohol use, and tie into other negative health outcomes that all also raise the risk for dementia. No matter which way you look at it, quitting smoking is the right move for your health. 

Another area of our health that we can easily gain control over is our nutrition… 

2. Poor Nutrition

Getting the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients we need is vital for our health. That means that adequate nutrition can help with every health outcome, including the risk factors for dementia. 

Why Poor Nutrition Increases the Risk of Dementia

Recent research has linked dementia to a shortage for some vital nutrients. Low levels of vitamin D, B-6, B-12, and folate, for instance, have all been linked to a higher risk of dementia. While the exact relationship hasn’t been made clear, making sure your body gets enough nutrients is a clear good move for your overall health, including your risk of dementia. 

One of the sneakiest risk factors for dementia? It’s wrapped up in your sleep cycle…

1. Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition marked by frequent starts and stops of breathing while sleeping. This condition is more common in overweight individuals and men, and it can be mild or a serious health concern. It also plays a role in dementia. 

Why Sleep Apnea Increases the Risk of Dementia

Severe sleep apnea can lead to cognitive impairment and memory loss. When the brain doesn’t get enough oxygen, individuals can experience memory loss and other risks that are associated with dementia. Taking care of sleep apnea can thereby help lower the risk of dementia. 

Dementia is a serious health concern, but thankfully there are steps you can take to lower your risk. 

Final Thoughts

Since dementia isn’t a singular health condition, but rather a collection of several conditions happening at once, lowering your risk factors is complicated. This means that there are some risk factors that can’t be changed like our genetics, but also plenty that can be like diet, quitting smoking, and treating related health problems like poor heart health. These tips can get you started lowering your risk of dementia. Your doctor can also help you fine-tune a plan to lower your risk of dementia.

An estimated 28 million Americans have some type of hear loss that would benefit from hearing aids. However, few of them actually take advantage of hearing aids for various reasons. Possibly because they do not understand how they work, what type to choose, how much they cost, where to get them, or the top brands available.

How Do They Work?

Hearing aids have a small microphone that picks up the sound in the area. It then converts that sound into electrical signals which are sent to the hearing aid’s amplifier. The amplifier increases the volume of the sound and sends it to the hearing aid’s receiver. The receiver sends the amplified sound to the ear and the ear transmits it to the brain, where the person wearing the hearing aid can decipher the sound.

What Styles of Hearing Aids are There?

There are many different styles of hearing aids, each having its benefits and limitations. Depending on the severity of the hearing loss, a person can choose from an in the ear hearing aid, an in the canal hearing aid, a completely in the canal hearing aid, a behind the ear hearing aid, a behind the ear open fit hearing aid, or a cochlear implant.

In the Ear (ITE) Hearing Aids

An in the ear hearing aid is for people who have mild to severe hearing loss. It fits directly in the ear and is the most visible of the hearing aids. The benefits to this hearing aid style are that the battery tends to last a little longer, it can accommodate directional microphones, and it can accommodate added features.

In the Canal (ITC) Hearing Aids

An in the canal hearing aid is for people with mild to moderate hearing loss. It is customized to fit into the ear canal. It is small, which can make it difficult to adjust and change the battery. However, select hearing aids in this style come with a remote control to change the settings. This style also can have issues with feedback noise.

Completely in the Canal (CIC) Hearing Aids

A completely in the canal hearing aid is for people with mild to moderate hearing loss. It is smaller than the ITC style, but you must use a small wire to remove it from your ear. It is barely visible, but is typically more expensive.

Behind the Ear (BTE) Hearing Aids

A behind the ear hearing aid is for people with mild to profound hearing loss. Part of the hearing aid sits behind the ear and is attached by a tube to another part inside the ear. This style is powerful and adjustable which makes it ideal for children with hearing loss. It is very visible and can cause feedback noise if not properly fitted.

A behind the ear open fit hearing aid is for people with mild hearing loss only. It is small and barely seen and does not require an impression for fitting. It has better sound and quality than the ITE.

Cochlear Implants

A cochlear implant is for people with severe hearing loss. It is an implant in the ear canal that bypasses the damaged parts of the ear and sends the sound directly to the auditory nerve. The cochlear implant has an external system and an internal system. The external system has a sound processor, microphone, and transmitter. The internal system has a receiver and electrode array.

Analog vs. Digital

Analog hearing aids amplify every sound that they encounter. However, they can be programmed to pick up certain sounds. On the other hand, digital hearing aids analyze sounds and then amplify them to accommodate for volume and pitch. Digital hearing aids are programmable and have a clearer sound, but are more expensive than analog hearing aids.

How Much Do They Cost?

Hearing aids can be very expensive, especially for those who are on a fixed income. The large analog hearing aids are typically a couple hundred dollars, while digital hearing aids range in the thousands. This makes the range for the cost from about $500 – $6000 depending upon the style. However, Cochlear implants are $40,000.

Where Can I Get Hearing Aids?

Hearing aids can be purchased through an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) doctor who will complete the hearing exam and fit the hearing aids. You can also purchase them at hearing aid centers such as Miracle Ear or Beltone. However, hearing aids can also be purchased online at websites such as Hear.com.

Top Hearing Aids

Whatever hearing loss you suffer from, hearing aids can make all the difference in the world. They allow you to reconnect with the auditory world and interact with your family and friends in a better way. Take a look at some of the best on the market today.

Hearing Assist

Hearing Assist hearing aids are all about letting you live the life you want. That’s why their aids have multiple settings, so you can adjust this device to your unique needs. Even better, newer offerings from this brand let you synch your aid with your smartphone. Best of all, though, is that you never have to change batteries with this brand, as their devices are all rechargeable. Talk about convenience!

Pricing & Discounts

Their basic BTE aids start at $699.98, although they are currently on sale for $499.98. For qualified individuals, these aids are available for $42/mo for 12 months with $0 down financing.

Their BTE Bluetooth aids are $899.99, now on sale for $599.98. Qualified individuals can make payments as low as $50/mo.

Their new CIC hearing aids are $399.99. Qualified individuals can make payments as low as $34/mo.

Miracle-Ear

An industry leader for over 70 years, this brand knows hearing aids. Miracle-Ear knows that finding the perfect fit for you can be a little tricky to navigate solely online; that’s why they have over 1,500 locally owned and operated centers in the United States. Their mission? To personalize and humanize customer care.

Pricing & Discounts

Their discreet Miracle-EarMINI comes in two styles:

• Miracle-EarMINI Mirage IIC
• Miracle-EarMINI RIC 10 Hearing Aid

Their rechargeable Miracle-EarENERGY comes in two styles:

• Miracle-EarENERGY iRIC R Hearing Aid
• Miracle-EarENERGY BTE R Hearing Aid

Their connectable Miracle-EarCONNECT comes in two styles:

• Miracle-EarCONNECT RIC 312 Hearing Aid
• Miracle-EarCONNECT BTE S 13 Hearing Aid

Their functional Miracle-EAREASY comes in two styles:

• Miracle-EarEASY RIC 312
• Miracle-EarEASY BTE S 312

Pricing for this brand is not readily available online.

HearGlow

You don’t have to sacrifice quality for affordability. Those looking for more affordable aids need look no further than HearGlow.

Pricing & Discounts

This brand offers three styles:

• X1 Invisible Hearing Aid – originally $399.99, it’s on sale for $99.95
• X3 Digital Hearing Aid – originally $699.99, it’s on sale for $249.95
• X2 Discreet Hearing Aid – originally $499.99, it’s on sale for $149.95

Entering your email address to the brand’s email list can score you free shipping and 10% off your first order. You also have the ability to try their products for 30 days with a money-back guarantee.

Eargo

If you want top-of-the-line hearing aids, it’s hard to go wrong with Eargo. This brand is all about utilizing the latest technology to enhance your hearing experience.

Pricing & Discounts

This company offers a 45-day return window for trying their products. Eargo offers the following:

• Eargo Neo – $2,350, available for as low as $109/mo; 12-month (1 year) warranty
• Eargo Max – $1,850, available for as low as $86/mo; 12-month (1 year) warranty
• Eargo Neo HiFi – $2,950, available for as low as $137/mo; 2-year (24 month) warranty

Customers have the option for a limited time to play a game on the official site to potentially save up to $300. Federal employees can go to their official website to learn more about their eligibility to receive Eargo hearing aids at no cost.

Fever blisters are also called core sores, usually lasting between 10 and 14 days. The blisters are usually in groups and cause red, swollen, and sore wounds. They often develop near the mouth or other face parts but may also appear on the tongue or gums. The herpes simplex virus causes fever blisters. Approximately 90 percent of the world’s adult population has either HSV-1 or HSV-2. About 65 percent of the people in the United States have been exposed to HSV-1.

Even though fever blister flare-ups can heal independently, there are many effective ways to reduce the pain and promote healing. These include at-home remedies as well as prescription medications.

Lemon Balm

There is evidence that lemon balm kills the herpes simplex virus in some cases and affects how the virus attaches to host cells, according to a 2012 study. To treat the sores, apply diluted lemon balm cream, ointment, or lip balm several times daily. You can also use a cotton ball diluted with essential oil for the sores.

Witch Hazel

Witch hazel is known to reduce inflammation and fight the herpes virus, according to a study. In addition to being an astringent, it dries the area, which may promote healing. Use a moistened cotton ball to apply witch hazel (such as Thayers Organic) directly to the skin. Hold the cotton ball in place using light pressure, and do not rub it.

Apple Cider Vinegar

Despite the lack of evidence linking ACV to herpes, research suggests it may be anti-infective and antifungal. However, its acidic properties and potential to damage tissues should be considered when applying it to wounds. If you are suffering from bacterial skin infections, you should use diluted ACV several times daily on the affected area. You can hold it there for a few minutes.

Prescription Medicine

OTC topical creams aren’t the only option. Prescription antiviral medications are also available. Consult your doctor to see if one of them would be a good choice for you: Acyclovir (Zovirax), Famciclovir, Penciclovir (Denavir), and Valacyclovir (Valtrex). Also, apply a moisturizing cream when your fever blister begins to crust and form a scab. Experts strongly recommend taking or using these medications as early as possible to speed up the healing cycle.

Oregano Oil

Evidence shows that oregano oil inhibits different animal and human viruses, including herpes. However, it needs to be clarified what dose is required to provide benefit. Apply diluted oregano oil several times throughout the day to the affected area.

Kanuka Honey

The healing properties of honey are well known, and a study found that kanuka honey, derived from the manuka tree in New Zealand, could also be effective in treating fever blisters. According to a large randomized clinical trial, a medical-grade version of this honey worked just as well as acyclovir in treating fever blisters.

Ice

Ice can reduce inflammation by reducing blood flow to the area and numbing the site, so there is less pain. If you have a fever blister, wrap an ice pack with a towel or cloth and place it on it for no longer than 5 minutes. Please don’t apply ice directly to the skin, as it can result in serious damage. It is a temporary treatment that does not affect the virus or promote healing.

Tea Tree Oil

Tea tree oil reviews suggest that it may be a helpful antiviral treatment. It also aids in speeding up the healing process and limiting plaque formation. Start by adding diluted tea tree oil to a cotton ball. Then, dab it on the sore spot several times per day.

Lysine

As a preventive and treatment, people report benefits from taking L-lysine, an amino acid that may help shorten fever blister duration. Harvard Health Publications says that lysine inhibits the amino acid that causes fever blisters to form. However, more investigation is needed to confirm its effectiveness. This product may also be effective at limiting fever blister outbreaks.

While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, science has come a long way from the HIV epidemic of the 1980s to today. Prior to 1996, when new AIDS drugs were introduced, life expectancy after diagnosis was just 18 months. Now, patients with HIV/AIDS routinely live for decades.

How HIV Medications Work

The HIV virus attacks and kills infection-fighting CD4 cells that comprise the human immune system. This loss of CD4 cells makes it very difficult for the body to fight off infection and some types of HIV-related cancer. HIV drugs work by preventing the virus from multiplying in the body to reduce the amount of the virus. This gives the immune system the chance to recover and remain strong enough to fight infection.

There are a variety of drugs now used to control HIV/AIDS, but each type of anti-HIV medication blocks the virus in its own way. This is why these drugs are usually prescribed in a “cocktail” to prevent the creation of HIV strains that are immune to a single drug. There are currently six classes of HIV drugs based on how they fight the virus. Most people begin HIV treatment with a regimen that includes three drugs from at least two classes.

NNRTIs

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were first approved in 1996. NNRTIs work by disabling a protein the HIV virus needs to copy itself. There are two generations of NNRTIs including nevirapine (Viramune), etravirine (Intelence), and efavirenz (Sustiva).

NRTIs

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were the first drugs available to treat HIV. While these drugs are less effective than NNRTIs and other drugs, they play a very important role in treatment and are still part of the standard care. NRTIs are actually faulty versions of the building blocks the HIV virus needs to copy itself. NRTIs on the market include Abacavir (Ziagen), lamivudine (Epivir), and stavudine (Zerit). This drug is also part of combination drugs lamivudine-zidovudine (Combivir) and emtricitabine-tenofovir (Truvada).

Additionally, Biktarvy is a newly released combination medicine that is taken as a once-daily tablet to treat HIV. It is a combination of an integrase inhibitor called bictegravir and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide. The latter two had already been combined in the past into a separate drug called Descovy. It’s meant to be used without any other anti-HIV-1 medicines.

Protease Inhibitors

Protease inhibitors (PIs) were first introduced in 1995 and they play an important role in the treatment of HIV. HIV protease is an amino acid protein that works in the maturation of HIV particles later in the viral life cycle. Protease inhibitors work by disabling protease, which is a protein the HIV virus needs to copy itself. There are 8 PI compounds approved for use, include indinavir (Crixivan), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), darunavir (Prezista), and atazanavir (Reyataz).

Evotaz is a once-daily tablet that contains atazanavir, a protease inhibitor, as well as cobicistat, a CYP3A inhibitor. It’s meant to be taken with other antiretroviral medicines. When it’s taken correctly, Evotaz may help to decrease the viral load in the blood, as well as increase the amount of T cells, to better fight off infection.

Integrase Inhibitors

Integrase inhibitors were first approved by the FDA in 2007, although a once-daily dosage form of Isentress was approved in 2017. An integrase inhibitor works by blocking integrase, the protein HIV needs to insert its RNA genetic information into CD4 cells. Integrase inhibitors include dolutegravir (Tivicay), raltegravir (Isentress), and elvitegravir (Vitekta). Isentress is meant to be taken with other antiretroviral medicines. There are three tablet options to choose from (oral suspension, film-coated, and chewable). Tell your doctor if you’ve ever had a muscle disorder (rhabdomyolysis or myopathy) before taking Isentress.

Tivicay should also be taken with other antiretroviral medications. In adults, Tivicay may be paired with rilpivirine to replace the HIV-1 medication that they are currently taking.

Fusion Inhibitors

Fusion inhibitors were the first type of antiretrovial drug to target HIV’s replication outside the cell and they were approved by the FDA in 2003. A fusion inhibitor works by blocking the virus’s entry into CD4 cells in the body. Fusion inhibitors on the market include maraviroc (Selzentry) and enfuvirtide (Fuzeon). Fusion inhibitors work in a unique way that offers a therapeutic solution for patients who are very treatment resistant.

Fusion inhibitors are not widely used in HIV treatment for several reasons, including the cost and time associated with production, limited coverage by HIV drug assistance programs and insurance companies, adverse side effects, and inconvenient subcutaneous injection administration.

Chemokine Receptor Anagonists

The first chemokine receptor antagonist was approved by the FDA in 2007. Also known as CCR5 antagonists, these drugs work similarly to fusion inhibitors to deny IV entry. The process by which HIV binds with CD4 cells is complex, but it starts with binding of a specific HIV surface protein to a CD4 receptor, which causes structural changes in the protein’s V3 loop. This V3 loop then binds with a chemokine receptor to allow the protein to insert itself into the CD4 cell. Maravicoc (Selzentry) is a CCR5 antagonist that works by binding the CCR5 coreceptor to block interaction with the V3 loop and prevent fusion.

Common side effects of CCR5 antagonists include rash, abdominal pain, dizziness, cough, upper respiratory infections, musculoskeletal symptoms, and fever.

Side Effects of HIV Cocktails

New HIV medications have dramatically extended lifespan for patients, but these medications do have unanticipated side effects. Researchers have discovered that patients who live longer with the HIV/AIDS virus begin to suffer from maladies that normally affect people in their 70s and 80s. This includes cognitive problems, various forms of cancer, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis.

Researchers are still unsure if these symptoms are caused by the disease or the drugs used to treat HIV. Some symptoms are largely attributed to the medication, though, including bone loss and neuropathy.

If you’ve ever had a migraine, then you know just how painful it is. Migraines, unlike regular headaches, lead to extreme pain and sensitivity to light, smells, and sounds. Sometimes, they can cause dizziness and nausea, too. That’s why it’s so important to know what can cause them.

The first cause of migraines shows just how closely the mind and body are connected…

1. Physical Changes & Changes in Routine

For people who suffer from migraines, keeping a regular routine for their bodies is very important. Activities like sudden physical exertion, unexpected periods of rest, or too many stimuli can trigger migraines because the body relies on a natural balance. Therefore, upsetting this balance can lead to migraines.

Aside from physical stressors, there are other causes of migraines to watch out for, like the following…

2. Sensory Stimuli 

Sensory stimuli are a leading cause of migraines. Depending on the individual, anything from noise to touch can be a trigger. While an individual is suffering from a migraine, these stimuli usually worsen the headache. Therefore, while an individual is experiencing a migraine, any additional stimuli to the nervous system can lead to worsening symptoms. 

In addition to stimuli, food is another common cause of migraines…

3. Diet

Dietary choices are directly linked with migraines, especially when they lead to dehydration. Foods commonly linked with migraines include salty, processed, preserved, and artificially sweetened foods. Therefore, healthy diet modifications are a great way to reduce the risk of migraines.

Even the following can trigger migraines…

4. Medications

Medications come with a wide array of side effects, including migraines. Specifically, medications like vasodilators, including nitroglycerin, as well as oral contraceptives, can trigger migraines.

There are a few more bodily activities that can lead to hormonal changes that also affect migraines, once again further showing just how closely the mind and body are connected…

5. Sexual Activity

Sexual activity is closely linked to migraines and headaches, due to changes in blood flow and brain chemistry, as well as physical exertion. Like a few of the other causes on our list, sexual activity can either cause a migraine or, in some cases, temporarily relieve one. That means sexual activity is another migraine trigger that is heavily dependent on the individual who is experiencing it.

This next cause affects nearly half the population…

6. Hormonal Changes in Women

Many women experience hormonal changes, like during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Medication like birth control changes the body’s hormonal levels, too, which means it can be triggering.

The balance of hormones in the body controls and regulates many bodily functions. In addition to a few obvious functions, such as menstruation, these hormones can also affect the emergence of migraines.

While hormonal changes can lead to migraines, there are non-biological reasons for them as well…

7. Alcohol

Because alcohol is a diuretic and can lead to dehydration, consuming too much can trigger migraines in some individuals. Even consuming a small amount of alcohol or a less-preferred type of alcohol can trigger a migraine in some people.

Alcohol isn’t the only beverage that can trigger migraines, though…

8. Coffee

Caffeinated coffee is another drink that can lead to migraines. Like alcohol, coffee is a diuretic, meaning it can have the same migraine-triggering effect (dehydration) as alcohol in this regard.

Having said that, caffeine restricts blood vessels in the brain, which can relieve migraine pain. This is why caffeine is a common ingredient in migraine pain relief medicine. Therefore, coffee is a sort of double-edged sword when it comes to treating migraines.

It turns out other daily habits can impact the risk of getting a migraine…

9. Sleep Changes

Sleep is a critical component of good health. If a person’s sleep patterns become disrupted, they can experience migraines along with other serious consequences, such as an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. 

Sleep is fickle when it comes to migraines. Even too little sleep or too much sleep, jet lag, and interrupted rest can cause migraines. The body needs proper amounts of sleep to recharge and support itself. But, as these rhythms break down, migraines can set in.

Unlike the previous risk factors, this next one is out of anyone’s control…

10. Weather

Depending on the individual, shifts in weather patterns, even days beforehand, can cause migraines. Changes in humidity, barometric pressure, temperature, and other weather conditions can onset severe migraines. Sometimes, for example, people notice a migraine coming on right before a storm.

What’s most important for people suffering migraines to remember?…

Final Thoughts

As we have seen, migraines can be caused by a variety of conditions, but there are plenty of ways to curb these pesky headaches.

Doctors often recommend making a “migraine journal,” trying different medications, drinking plenty of water each day, and tracking food intake.

When you feel a migraine setting in, or after it has ended, journal about the experiences that lead up to it. Focus on things like diet, sleep, weather, and mental health. Over time, this journal will help you spot which of these events can trigger your migraines. 

According to SkinCancer.org, “Between 40 and 50 percent of Americans who live to age 65 will have either basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma at least once.”

Skin cancer is the most common type of skin cancer and the most preventable and treatable. In fact, if one catches the cancer early enough, they have a 98 percent chance of stopping the skin cancer in its tracks.

Causes of Skin Cancer, a.k.a. Melanoma

Although UV rays from the sun are the number one leading cause of melanoma, there are many other causes too.

For one, skin cancer can be genetic, making these people more likely to catch cancer, especially if they don’t take preventative measures such as wearing sunscreen. In fact, those who sun burn more easily are also more likely to catch skin cancer as well. Other risk factors include:

• having fair skin,
• living in high-altitude climates,
• having abnormal moles,
• skin lesions,
• being exposed to radiation, and
• having a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV or AIDs.

Even though not many studies have been done on it, some suspect that certain topical creams, especially those loaded with chemicals, can further accelerate skin cancer. Exposure to corrosive chemicals, such as strong acids and bases, can definitely lead to skin cancer as well. Always wear proper protection when dealing with dangerous chemicals.

Symptoms and Stages of Skin Cancer

Which symptoms present themselves vary based on the type of skin cancer and stage it progresses to.

Actinic keratosis (AK)

This is the earliest stage of skin cancer, which features dry, scaly-like spots. Areas of the body that are exposed to the sun the most—such as the neck, hands, forearms, head and shoulders—are likely to feature these spots. Fair-skinned people are more likely to experience this type of skin cancer. In most cases, AK is followed by squamous cell carcinoma if not treated.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer, featuring flesh-like bumps over the individual’s skin. It may also be accompanied by pinkish skin patches. This type of cancer is, more often than not, caused by the sun. Fortunately, this cancer does not grow quickly, rarely spreading to other parts of the body.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Like the previous two types of cancers, this one is commonly found on sun-exposed areas of the skin. Bumps and ulcers will first heal then reopen. It’s the second most common type of skin cancer and will move into very deep areas of the skin if not treated.

Melanoma

When people talk about skin cancer, they’re most likely referring to Melanoma. Unfortunately, it’s also the most serious form of skin cancer. It is so named because of the fact that it produces excess melanin in the skin, resembling dark spots. Those with lots of moles are the most likely to receive this form of cancer.

Treatments

Luckily, there are numerous forms of treatment for skin cancer. Better yet, skin cancer, regardless of the type, is the easiest form of cancer to treat, so there’s no need to panic whatsoever if one is diagnosed with it. That said, it’s always important to seek treatment right away.

Common Options

For less serious types of skin cancer, treatments include:

• freezing the affected area with liquid nitrogen,
• laser therapy,
• Mohs surgery,
• radiation,
• chemotherapy,
• medication, or
• a combination of two or more methods, depending on the severity.

Promising New Treatments

At one time, melanoma use to be a death sentence because there were no treatments at the time. However, that is surely not the case today. A new combination treatment of Tafinlar and Mekinist, for example, is newly approved and showing much promise.

Preventative Measures

The best method to treat skin cancer, however, is to prevent it in the first place. According to the CDC, some great measures for mitigating risk of this type of cancer is to reduce exposure to the sun. This can mean:

• avvoiding excessive sun exposire
• applying sunscreen every day, even in the winter or on cloudy days
• avoiding tanning booths
• covering skin with clothing or hats

Remember: even if one happens to get skin cancer, it can be easily treated. It’s light years away from the death sentence that it use to be.

COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructs the airways and decreases airflow in and out of the lungs. The disease’s primary cause is smoking, but it can also be caused by pollution, genetic conditions, and other diseases.

Symptoms of COPD

COPD has a wide variety of symptoms, but the most common include:

• Coughing
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Fatigue

Symptoms of severe COPD include:

• Respiratory distress
• Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
• Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, or fingernails)
• Hyperinflation
• Abnormal lung sounds
• Unintended weight loss

What symptoms present and how severe they are will vary based on which stage of COPD someone is at. There are four stages of COPD that range in severity, and the best treatment for an individual with the disease depends on their set of symptoms and the stage they are in.

COPD Treatments

There isn’t a cure for COPD, but the goal of treatment is to slow down the spread of the disease, prevent flare-ups, limit the symptoms, and improve the individual’s quality of life.

Many people with COPD use a combination of treatments to manage their symptoms. Some treatments are administered regularly, and some are only given to patients during a flare-up.

Medications

Popular medications include:

• Bevespi Aerosphere
• Symbicort
• Advair

With savings options available from

• Anoro Ellipta
• Stiolto Respimat

Bronchodilators

Several types of medication can help people who suffer from COPD. Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around the airways, are among the most common treatments. They’re usually administered with an inhaler, and they can improve breathing and relieve coughing. Short-acting bronchodilators are good for short-term use before activities that may aggravate COPD symptoms.

If the symptoms are more severe and the individual constantly has trouble breathing, long-acting bronchodilators are a good option for long-lasting, everyday use.

Inhaled Corticosteroids

Inhaled corticosteroids reduce inflammation in the airways and prevent COPD exacerbations. They’re helpful for people who experience frequent flare-ups. Many people use combination inhalers, which contain both bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids.

Oral Steroids

Doctors may prescribe oral steroids for moderate to severe exacerbations. A short course of oral steroids can prevent COPD symptoms from spreading or worsening. They’re typically only used for a short period of time, though. When used long-term, though, they can cause harmful side effects, including weight gain, diabetes, and osteoporosis.

Antibiotics

It’s also common for people with COPD to be prescribed antibiotics. Respiratory infections can worsen COPD symptoms, and antibiotics can treat infections or exacerbations. However, they shouldn’t be used as prevention for infections or flare-ups.

Trelegy Ellipta

A recently approved new medication called Trelegy Ellipta combines the three most popular medication types into a single-use medicine. Taken once a day, this drug is used as a long-term treatment option for managing COPD. The company says that it improves breathing function and reduces flareups by opening airways and reducing inflammation.

It is important to note that this is not a rescue inhaler and should not be used as such.

Prices can typically range from $530 to $630, although there are discounts available. The company offers a coupon that can be reused for a year, allowing eligible patients to pay no more than $10 per month for their prescription. Many other companies and pharmacies also offer comparable prices and discounts for eligible patients.

Other Medications

Other medicines that provide quick relief for exacerbations include anticholinergics like ipratropium and tiotropium and beta2-agonists like albuterol or metaproterenol.

Other Treatments

While popular, medications are not the only treatments available for managing this condition.

Oxygen Therapy

COPD can cause sufferers to have an insufficient amount of oxygen in their blood. Oxygen therapy provides supplemental oxygen. Patients can carry a lightweight unit with them that delivers oxygen to the lungs. Depending on the symptoms’ severity, an individual may only need supplemental oxygen during some activities or sleep. Other people may need supplemental oxygen all the time.

Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program

A pulmonary rehabilitation program is a combination of a variety of services, including:

• Exercise training
• Nutrition advice
• Counseling
• Education

During the rehabilitation program, specialists help patients learn to manage their COPD symptoms. This lessens the symptoms, shortens hospital stays, and improves patients’ overall quality of life.

Breathing Machines

Breathing machines, or mechanical ventilation, can help patients breathe if medications don’t work. NPPV, or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, provides air to the lungs with a face mask. People experiencing a severe flare-up may need invasive ventilation, which involves a breathing tube inserted into the windpipe.

Surgery

In some cases, surgery can provide relief from COPD symptoms. Lung volume reduction surgery involves removing small pieces of damaged lung tissue, which creates more space in the chest cavity for the healthy tissue to expand. This space makes it easier to breathe, and it can lengthen the patient’s lifespan and significantly improve their overall quality of life.

A lung transplant is sometimes an option for a patient who meets specific criteria. This surgery significantly improves the ability to breathe, but it has many risks and requires a lifetime of immune-suppressing medications.

A bullectomy procedure is the removal of bullae, which are large air spaces that form when air sacs are destroyed. When the bullae become very large, they cause breathing problems, so a bullectomy can provide relief.

Lifestyle Changes

No treatment plan is complete without lifestyle changes.

The best way to treat COPD is to stop smoking. Quitting smoking is difficult, but it’s possible for everyone. Doctors can recommend nicotine replacement products or other medications to help with quitting. There are also many support groups available for people trying to quit. People with COPD should also avoid lung irritants and places with fumes, dust, or other toxic substances.

Good nutrition is essential for a good quality of life with COPD. It may be difficult for patients to eat because of shortness of breath or fatigue. However, when an individual doesn’t get enough nutrients, it can worsen symptoms and increase the risk of developing an infection. Many people with COPD find that it helps to rest before eating and eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day. Taking vitamins or supplements is also helpful for people with COPD.

Gentle exercise can improve muscle and bone health, which is important for people with COPD. Patients should always consult their doctor before starting an exercise routine, but popular exercises for people with COPD include walking, yoga, and pedaling a stationary bike.

Final Thoughts

COPD symptoms can be painful and difficult, but there are many treatment options available. Doctors and patients can work together to find the most effective treatments that alleviate pain and improve quality of life.

Individuals with hepatitis C may not know they have been infected, particularly because symptoms are difficult to identify. Symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, and itchy skin can often be attributed to other less serious conditions. If you do suspect you have Hepatitis C, or have been diagnosed with the condition, here are some of the treatment options available to you.

Harvoni

This medication combines two antiviral agents (ledipasvir and sofosbuvir) that work to prevent the hepatitis C virus from spreading in your body. Harvoni is sometimes given as just one part of an overall treatment plan that includes ribavirin.

Serious side effects for harvoni include chest pain, lightheadedness and fainting, decreased heart rate, difficulty breathing, and severe fatigue. Individuals experiencing these side effects should report to their caregiver immediately.

Typical dosage for harvoni is one tablet taken orally, once per day. Each tablet contains 90 mg of ledipasvir and 400 mg of sofosbuvir.

Mavyret

This is another medication that combines two antiviral agents, but, in this case, they are glecaprevir and pibrentasvir. Again, these antiviral properties help to prevent the spread of hepatitis C throughout the body. In some cases, mavyret is prescribed when other courses of treatment have failed.

Patients are cautioned to be especially aware of an allergic reaction to glecaprevir or pibrentasvir, when taking mavyret. Signs of an allergic reaction include rashes; itchy, red, or swollen skin; wheezing; a tightness in the throat or in the chest; or swelling around the face, including the lips, face, and tongue.

Each mavyret tablet contains 100 mg of glecaprevir and 40 mg of pibrentasvir. Typical dosage is three tablets taken once per day and they should be taken with food.

Zepatier

The antiviral agents contained in zepatier are elbasvir and grazoprevir, which also work to prevent hepatitis C from multiplying in the body. This drug is also sometimes administered in combination with ribavirin. Zepatier is only prescribed for patients with specific genetic markers, so your doctor may conduct a DNA test before deciding on a course of treatment.

Side effects may include very dark urine, a fever and/or chills, loss of appetite, vomiting and nausea, fatigue, upper abdominal pain, and a yellowing of the skin or eyes. If these side effects are observed, you should seek medical treatment immediately. Your doctor may alter your dosage or recommend an alternative treatment.

Each zepatier tablet is a combination of 50 mg of elbasvir and 100 mg of grazoprevir. One tablet should be taken once per day and may be taken with or without food.

Generic Drugs Offer a Cheaper Solution

The antiviral agents found in the brand name treatments for hepatitis C can also be purchased individually as generic drugs. Sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, daclatasvir, and ribavirin were found to be as effective in fighting the hepatitis C virus as the previously mentioned brand names.

Currently, brand name treatments can cost as much as $94,000, but generic drugs offer similar results and typically only cost patients $1,000. In coming years, the cost of the generic HCV treatments are expected to drop even lower with estimates placing cost of treatment at $200.

Dr. James Freeman of GP2U Telehealth in Hobart, Australia conducted one study comparing the two methods of treatment. He said he’s excited to find that the cheaper medications are just as effective, because it provides hope that treating the global HCV epidemic could be economically feasible.

Freeman also feels hopeful that the generic treatments improve survival rates for a greater number of patients with hepatitis C. The risk of developing liver cancer and cirrhosis of the liver may also be reduced in patients cured of the hepatitis C virus.

Once infected with hepatitis C, individuals can take anywhere from two weeks to six months to observe symptoms. One of the problems this gestation period presents is in the spread of the disease. Even if an infected individual is not showing symptoms, he or she can pass the disease onto others.

Laurent Castera, secretary general of EASL (European Association for the Study of the Liver), says the greater availability of generic drugs can significantly impact the spread of the disease. While hepatitis C can become a debilitating illness, early treatment can cure patients, before they have a chance to spread the virus to others. While it may take time to identify the illness, the availability of affordable treatment means it can be cured sooner rather than later.

Untreated, hepatitis C can increase the risks of developing liver disease, including liver cancer, as well as causing inflammation and scarring of the liver. Seeking treatment from a doctor as soon as you notice symptoms can ultimately save your life and heal a condition that may otherwise lead to extreme lifestyle changes. Talk to your doctor about the best treatment options available to you.